Originally a part of the hunting-wintering ground for many indigenous people, this area was originally homeland for the Ute people. Commencing in 1849, as part of the effort to encourage occupation on the Sangre de Cristo Land Grant, seven plazas would be settled along the Rio Costilla. Governor Diego de Vargas crossed this valley during his reconquest of New Mexico in 1694, as did Juan Bautista de Anza during his 1779 Comanche campaign.